One of the characteristics of relational databases is a strict data structure. We need to specify the shape of every table with its fields, indexes, and relationships. Even if we design our database carefully, the requirements that our application must meet are changing. Because of that, our database needs to evolve as well. When restructuring […]
One of the most important aspects of working with a database is ensuring the stored information is correct. One of the fundamental ways of doing that is by using the correct data types for the columns in our tables. Thanks to that, we can make sure that a particular column holds only numbers, for example. […]
Relational databases such as PostgreSQL are great for storing structured data. This approach has many advantages, but it can lack flexibility. On the other hand, databases such as MongoDB that store JSON-like documents might give you more flexibility than you would like. Fortunately, PostgreSQL offers support for storing and querying loosely-structured JSON data. This article […]
PostgreSQL stands out as a feature-reach solution among other relational databases. Most of the column types available in PostgreSQL allow storing a single value. However, PostgreSQL, unlike most SQL databases, enables us to define columns as arrays. With them, we can store collections of values within a single column, reducing the need to create separate […]
Storing date and time in our database might be tricky, but it is essential to get it right. In this article, we tackle this issue using PostgreSQL and Prisma. We also learn the concept of timezones and how to deal with them when designing our database. How PostgreSQL interprets dates We can learn how our […]
The bigger our database, the more we need to care about the performance. Returning too much data at once through our API might not be the best approach when it comes to performance. A common solution is to divide our data into chunks and present it to the user as infinite scrolling or multiple pages. […]
The bigger our database, the more we need to care about its performance. A common way of improving it is through indexes. Therefore, this article introduces the idea of indexes and implements them through Prisma. You can find the code from this article in this repository. Introduction to indexes In one of the recent articles, […]
When developing our REST APIs, we often focus on implementing the four fundamental operations: creating, reading, updating, and deleting (CRUD). The most basic approach to removing a record from our database is to delete it permanently. In this article, we explore the idea of soft deletes that allow us to keep the removed entities in the database. […]
It’s a very common case to need to combine multiple related tables. In SQL, we can do that using a join statement. Therefore, this article explains various types of joins along with real-life examples. Inner joins A few articles ago, we defined the users and posts tables.
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CREATE TABLE users ( id int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, email text NOT NULL UNIQUE, name text NOT NULL, password text NOT NULL, address_id int UNIQUE REFERENCES addresses(id) ); CREATE TABLE posts ( id int GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY, title text NOT NULL, post_content text NOT NULL, author_id int REFERENCES users(id) NOT NULL ); |
It’s typical to retrieve a particular post along […]
Covering our project with tests can help us ensure that our application works as expected and is reliable. While unit tests play a significant role, they are not enough. Therefore, this article explains the significance of integration tests and implements them in a NestJS project that uses raw SQL queries. The significance of integration tests […]
